https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-...ing-school-deaths-so-far-20220512-p5akkf.html US finds 500 Native American boarding school deaths so far May 12, 2022 Flagstaff, Arizona: A first-of-its-kind federal study of Native American boarding schools that for over a century sought to assimilate Indigenous children into white society has identified more than 500 student deaths at the institutions so far, but officials say that figure could grow exponentially as research continues. The Interior Department report released on Thursday expands to more than 400 the number of schools that were known to have operated across the US for 150 years, starting in the early 19th century and coinciding with the removal of many tribes from their ancestral lands. It identified the deaths in records for about 20 of them. A makeshift memorial in Albuquerque for the dozens of Indigenous children who died more than a century ago while attending a boarding school.Credit:AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan The dark history of the boarding schools — where children were forced apart from their families, prohibited from speaking their Native American languages and often abused — has been felt deeply across Indian Country and through generations. Many children never returned home, and the Interior Department said that with further investigation the number of known student deaths could climb to the thousands or even tens of thousands. Officials say causes included illness, accidental injuries and abuse. “Each of those children is a missing family member, a person who was not able to live our their purpose on this earth because they lost their lives as part of this terrible system,” said Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, whose paternal grandparents were sent to boarding school for several years as kids. Related Article Indigenous justice Pope voices ‘pain’ over Canadian school deaths, doesn’t apologise The agency — with the help of many Indigenous people who had to work through their own trauma and pain — has poured through tens of thousands of boxes containing millions of pages of records. But accounting for the number of deaths has been difficult because records weren’t always kept. A second volume of the report will cover burial sites as well as the federal government’s financial investment in the schools and the impacts of the boarding schools on Indigenous communities, the Interior Department said. It has so far identified at least 53 burial sites at or near boarding schools. The boarding school era perpetuated poverty in Indigenous communities, loss of wealth, mental health disorders, substance abuse and premature deaths, Haaland said at a news conference Wednesday, choking back tears. “Recognising the impacts of the federal Indian boarding school system cannot just be a historical reckoning,” she said. “We must also chart a path forward to deal with these legacy issues.” Haaland, who is Laguna, announced an initiative last June to investigate the troubled legacy of boarding schools and uncover the truth about the government’s role in them. The 408 schools her agency identified operated in 37 states or territories, many of them in Oklahoma, Arizona and New Mexico. Red painted handprints cover the empty spot at a park in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where a historical marker for the Indigenous children who died while attending a boarding school nearby was removed.Credit:AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan The Interior Department acknowledged the number of schools identified could change as more data is gathered. The coronavirus pandemic and budget restrictions hindered some of the research over the last year, said Bryan Newland, the Interior Department’s assistant secretary for Indian Affairs. The US government directly ran some of the boarding schools. Catholic, Protestant and other churches operated others with federal funding, backed by US laws and policies to “civilise” Native Americans. The Interior Department report was prompted by the discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves at former residential school sites in Canada that brought back painful memories for Indigenous communities. Related Article Indigenous justice Hundred of bodies discovered at Canada’s former largest indigenous school Haaland also announced on Wednesday a yearlong tour for Interior Department officials that will allow former boarding school students from Native American tribes, Alaska Native villages and Native Hawaiian communities to share their stories as part of a permanent oral history collection. “It is my priority to not only give voice to the survivors and descendants of federal Indian boarding school policies, but also to address the lasting legacies of these policies so Indigenous Peoples can continue to grow and heal,” she said. Boarding school conditions varied across the US and Canada. While some former students have reported positive experiences, children at the schools often were subjected to military-style discipline and had their long hair cut. Early curricula focused heavily on outdated vocational skills, including homemaking for girls. Tribal leaders have pressed the agency to ensure that any children’s remains that are found are properly cared for and delivered back to their tribes, if desired. The burial sites’ locations will not be released publicly to prevent them from being disturbed, Newland said. Accounting for the whereabouts of children who died has been difficult because records weren’t always kept. Ground penetrating radar has been used in some places to search for remains. The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, which created an early inventory of the schools, has said Interior’s work will be an important step for the US in reckoning with its role in the schools but noted that the agency’s authority is limited. Later this week, a US House subcommittee will hear testimony on a bill to create a truth and healing commission modelled after one in Canada. Several church groups are backing the legislation. AP
There are many more. Here's a post I made back on July 1st 2021 in the Cmon Canada thread to someone that thinks Canadians should boycott Canada Day because of the atrocities to the Indigenous Canadians. I replied to him, in that case, shouldn't Americans do the same type of boycott on July 4th for the exact same atrocities ??? ---------- I truly do not think you understand the few Indigenous Canadian members at this forum and most likely not the few Indigenous American members at this forum. I'm a citizen of both countries and I can say that Canada cares enough to actually now searching the grave sites associated with the historical residential schools... So far...the United States has not. Do you understand the Indigenous culture and how the Indigenous Americans helped the Indigenous Canadians to give birth to Canada ? Complaints about the residential schools in Canada and United States for +100 years involving missing children or children suddenly dying for unknown reasons and then buried in either unmarked graves, graves with just a first name or buried on top of each other because the school ran out of burial land... All of these schools in both countries were under the guidance of the Christian Missionaries, Catholic Church and the governments of both countries. They all have the shitty hand prints all over this tragedy...not just one...all of them including the surrounding communities that allowed such under their noses. As I stated before many years ago and recently, Indigenous families have been complaining and no one gave a shit. I myself have had message posts deleted here @ Elitetrader.com because they were deemed "off topic" when I first arrived at this forum. Nobody wants to hear it. It reminds me of my childhood in the summers in South Dakota with my grandmother (Lakota Sioux)...Indigenous Canadians would cross the border looking for their children in the American Residential Schools via rumors that they may be there after disappearing from Canada. Just the same, Indigenous Americans would cross the border into Canada looking for their missing children in the Canada Residential Schools via rumors that they be there after disappearing from America. To boycott Canada Day...they should do the same for July 4th Celebrations in America because many missing Indigenous American children still have not been found. As I've stated before, the residential schools in Canada are now being searched... America is next and do not pretend the cemeteries or burial sites associated with the United States Indian Boarding Schools are off-limits for search considering the same complaints are associated with the U.S. schools too. As a veteran that has spent time at different military installations / properties...some of these burial site locations of former the United States Indian Boarding schools make the hair on the back of my neck stand up...something insidious about them. A good place to start is in Pennsylvania on the ground of the old Carlisle Indian Industrial School that's now owned by the United States Military and other places now owned by the United States military across the United States...in Kentucky, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, and many other states. Absentee Shawnee Boarding School, near Shawnee, Indian Territory, open 1893–99[1][2] Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico[3] Anadarko Boarding School, Anadarko, Oklahoma, open 1911–33[4] Arapaho Manual Labor and Boarding School, Darlington, Indian Territory, opened in 1872 and paid for by federal funds;[5] operated by the Hicksite (Liberal) Friends and Orthodox Quakers.[6] Moved to Concho Indian Boarding School in 1909.[7] Armstrong Academy, near Chahta Tamaha, Indian Territory Asbury Manual Labor School, near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, open 1822–30,[8][9] and operated by the United Methodist Missions.[8] Asbury Manual Labor School, near Eufaula, Creek Nation, Indian Territory, open 1850–88, by the United Methodist Missions.[10] Bacone College, Muscogee, Oklahoma,[3] 1881–present Bloomfield Female Academy, originally near Achille, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory. Opened in 1848 but relocated to Ardmore, Oklahoma around 1917; in 1934 it was renamed as Carter Seminary.[11] Bond's Mission School or Montana Industrial School for Indians, run by Unitarians, Crow Indian Reservation near Custer Station, Montana, 1886–97[12] Burney Institute, near Lebanon, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, open 1854–87, when name changed to Chickasaw Orphan Home and Manual Labor School; it was operated by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.[13] Cameron Institute, Cameron, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory open 1893–early 20th century, was operated by the Presbyterian Church[14] Cantonment Indian Boarding School, Canton, Indian Territory, run by the General Conference Mennonites[15] from September, 1882 to 1 July 1927.[16] Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania,[17] open 1879–1918.[18] Carter Seminary, Ardmore, Oklahoma, open 1917–2004, when the facility moved to Kingston, Oklahoma. It was renamed as the Chickasaw Children's Village.[19] Chamberlain Indian School, Chamberlain, South Dakota, open 1898-1909[17] Chemawa Indian School, Salem, Oregon[3] Cherokee Female Seminary, Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, open 1851–1910; this was established by the Cherokee Nation[20] Cherokee Male Seminary, Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, open 1851–1910.[20] First established by the Cherokee Nation. Cherokee Orphan Asylum, Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, opened in 1871[21] Cheyenne-Arapaho Boarding School, Darlington, Indian Territory, opened 1871[6] became the Arapaho Manual Labor and Boarding School in 1879[5] Cheyenne Manual Labor and Boarding School, Caddo Springs, Indian Territory, opened 1879 and paid with by federal funds,[5] but run by the Hicksite (Liberal) Friends and Orthodox Quakers.[6] Moved to Concho Indian Boarding School in 1909.[7] Chickasaw (male) Academy, near Tishomingo, Chickasaw Nation, Oklahoma Opened in 1850 by the Methodist Episcopal Church and changed its name to Harley Institute around 1889.[22] Chickasaw Children's Village, on Lake Texoma near Kingston, Oklahoma, opened 2004[19] Chickasaw National Academy, near Stonewall, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, open about 1865 to 1880[23] Chickasaw Orphan Home and Manual Labor School (formerly Burney Academy) near Lebanon, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory open 1887–1906[24] Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, Chilocco, Oklahoma, open 1884–1980[25] Chinle Boarding School, Many Farms, Arizona[17] Choctaw Academy, Blue Spring, Scott County, Kentucky, opened 1825 Chuala Female Seminary (also known as the Pine Ridge Mission School), near Doaksville, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, open 1838–61.[26][27] by the Presbyterian Church[26] Circle of Nations Indian School [1], Wahpeton, North Dakota[17] Colbert Institute, Perryville, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, open 1852–57, operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South[28] Collins Institute, near Stonewall, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, open about 1885 to 1905[23] Concho Indian Boarding School, Concho, Oklahoma open 1909–83[29][30] Creek Orphan Asylum, Okmulgee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory, opened 1895[31][32] Darlington Mission School, Darlington, Indian Territory run by the General Conference Mennonites from 1881 to 1902[33] Dwight Mission, Marble City, Oklahoma[3] Elliott Academy (formerly Oak Hill Industrial Academy), near Valliant, Oklahoma, open 1912–36[34] El Meta Bond College, Minco, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, open 1890–1919.[35] Emahaka Mission, Wewoka, Seminole Nation, Indian Territory open 1894–1911[36] Euchee Boarding School, Sapulpa, Creek Nation, Indian Territory[3] open 1894–1947[37] Eufaula Dormitory, Eufaula, Oklahoma name changed from Eufaula High School in 1952.[38] Still in operation[39] Eufaula Indian High School, Eufaula, Creek Nation, Indian Territory[3] replaced the burned Asbury Manual Labor School.[10] Open in 1892[39]–1952, when the name changed to Eufaula Dormitory[38] Flandreau Indian School, South Dakota[17] Folsom Training School, near Smithville, Oklahoma open 1921[40]–32, when it became an all-white school[41] Fort Bidwell School, Fort Bidwell, California[17] Fort Coffee Academy, Fort Coffee, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory Open 1840–63 and run by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South[26] Fort Shaw Indian School, Fort Shaw, Montana[17] Fort Sill Indian School (originally known as Josiah Missionary School), near Fort Sill, Indian Territory opened in 1871 by the Quakers,[42] remained open until 1980[43] Fort Totten Indian Industrial School, Fort Totten, North Dakota. Boarding and Indian Industrial School in 1891–1935. Became a Community and Day School from 1940 to 1959. Now a Historic Site run by the State Historic Society of North Dakota. Genoa Indian Industrial School, Genoa, Nebraska Goodland Academy & Indian Orphanage, Hugo, Oklahoma[3] Greenville School, California[17] Hampton Institute, began accepting Native students in 1878 Harley Institute, near Tishomingo, Chickasaw Nation, Oklahoma, Prior to it was known as the Chickasaw Academy. Operated 1889-1906 by the Methodist Episcopal Church until 1906.[22] Haskell Indian Industrial Training School, Lawrence, Kansas, 1884–present[18] Hayward Indian School, Hayward, Wisconsin[17] Hillside Mission School, near Skiatook, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory open 1884[44]–1908, operated by the Quakers[45] Holbrook Indian School, Holbrook, Arizona[17] Ignacio Boarding School, Colorado[17] Iowa Mission School, near Fallis, Iowa Reservation, Indian Territory open 1890–93 by the Quakers[46] Intermountain Indian School, Utah Jones Academy, Hartshorne, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory/Oklahoma[3] Opened in 1891[47] Koweta Mission School Coweta, Creek Nation, Indian Territory open 1843–61[48] Levering Manual Labor School, Wetumka, Creek Nation, Indian Territory Open 1882[49]–91, operated by the Southern Baptist Convention.[50] Many Farms High School, near Many Farms, Arizona Marty Indian School, Marty, South Dakota Mary Immaculate School, DeSmet, Idaho 1878-1974 Mekasukey Academy, near Seminole, Seminole Nation, Indian Territory open 1891–1930[51] Morris Industrial School for Indians, Morris, Minnesota,[52] open 1887–1909 Mount Edgecumbe High School, Sitka, Alaska, established as a BIA school, now operated by the State of Alaska Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School, Mount Pleasant, Michigan,[3] 1893–1934 Murray State School of Agriculture, Tishomingo, Oklahoma,[3] est. 1908 Nenannezed Boarding School, New Mexico[17] New Hope Academy, Fort Coffee, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory Open 1844[26]–96[53] and run by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South[26] Nuyaka School and Orphanage (Nuyaka Mission, Presbyterian), Okmulgee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory,[3] 1884–1933 Oak Hill Industrial Academy, near Valliant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory Open 1878[54]–1912 by the Presbyterian Mission Board. The Choctaw freedmen's academy was renamed as the Elliott Academy (aka Alice Lee Elliott Memorial Academy) in 1912.[55] Oak Ridge Manual Labor School, near Holdenville, Indian Territory in the Seminole Nation. Open 1848–60s by the Presbyterian Mission Board.[56] Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Girls, Durant, Oklahoma[3] Oklahoma School for the Blind, Muskogee, Oklahoma[3] Oklahoma School for the Deaf, Sulphur, Oklahoma[3] Oneida Indian School, Wisconsin[17] Osage Boarding School, Pawhuska, Osage Nation, Indian Territory open 1874–1922[57] Park Hill Mission School, Park Hill Indian Territory/Oklahoma opened 1837[58] Pawnee Boarding School, Pawnee, Indian Territory, open 1878–1958[59] Phoenix Indian School, Phoenix, Arizona[3] Pierre Indian School, Pierre, South Dakota[17] Red Cloud Indian School [formerly Holy Rosary Mission], Pine Ridge, South Dakota Pine Ridge Mission School, near Doaksville, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory see Chuala Female Seminary Pinon Boarding School, Pinon, Arizona[17] Pipestone Indian School, Pipestone, Minnesota[17] Quapaw Industrial Boarding School, Quapaw Agency Indian Territory open 1872–1900[60] Rainy Mountain Boarding School, near Gotebo, Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, Indian Territory, open 1893–1920[61] Rapid City Indian School, Rapid City, South Dakota[17] Red Moon School, near Hammon, Indian Territory open 1897–1922[62] Rehoboth Mission School located in Rehoboth, New Mexico near Navajo Nation. Operated as an Indian Boarding School by the Christian Reformed Church in North America from 1903 -1990s. [2] Riverside Indian School, Anadarko, Oklahoma open 1871–present[63] Sac and Fox Boarding School, near Stroud, Indiant Territory, open 1872[64]–1919[65] by the Quakers[64] Sacred Heart College, near Asher, Potowatamie Nation, Indian Territory open 1884–1902[66] Sacred Heart Institute, near Asher, Potowatamie Nation, Indian Territory open 1880–1929[66] St. Agnes Academy, Ardmore, Oklahoma[3] St. Agnes Mission, Antlers, Oklahoma[3] St. Boniface Indian School, Banning, California[67] St. Elizabeth's Boarding School, Purcell, Oklahoma[3] St. John's Boarding School, Gray Horse, Osage Nation, Indian Territory open 1888–1913 and operated by the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions[68] St. Joseph's Boarding School, Chickasha, Oklahoma[3] St. Joseph's Indian School, Chamberlain, South Dakota[69][70] St. Mary's Academy, near Asher, Potowatamie Nation, Indian Territory open 1880–1946[66] St. Louis Industrial School, Pawhuska, Osage Nation, Indian Territory open 1887–1949 and operated by the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions[68] St. Mary's Boarding School, Quapaw Agency Indian Territory/Oklahoma open 1893–1927[71] St. Patrick's Mission and Boarding School, Anadarko, Indian Territory open 1892[72]–1909 by the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. It was rebuilt and called the Anadarko Boarding School.[4] San Juan Boarding School, New Mexico[17] Santa Fe Indian School, Santa Fe, New Mexico Sasakwa Female Academy, Sasakwa, Seminole Nation, Indian Territory open 1880–92 and run by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South[56] Seger Indian Training School, Colony, Indian Territory[17] Seneca, Shawnee, and Wyandotte Industrial Boarding School, Wyandotte, Indian Territory[3] Sequoyah High School, Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory[3] Shawnee Boarding School, near Shawnee, Indian Territory, open 1876[73]–1918[74] Shawnee Boarding School, Shawnee, Oklahoma open 1923–61[1] Sherman Indian High School, Riverside, California[18] Shiprock Boarding School, Shiprock, New Mexico[17] Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico[17] Spencer Academy (sometimes referred to as the National School of the Choctaw Nation),[75] near Doaksville, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory open 1842–1900[76] Springfield Indian School, Springfield, South Dakota[17] Stewart Indian School, Carson City, Nevada[17] Sulphur Springs Indian School, Pontotoc County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory[77] open 1896–98[1] Theodore Roosevelt Indian Boarding School, founded in 1923 in buildings of the U.S. Army's closed Fort Apache, Arizona, as of 2016 still in operation as a tribal school[78] Thomas Indian School, near Irving, New York Tomah Indian School, Wisconsin[17] Tullahassee Mission School, Tullahassee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory opened 1850 burned 1880[79] Tullahassee Manual Labor School, Tullahassee, Creek Nation, Indian Territory open 1883–1914 for Creek Freedmen[79] Tushka Lusa Institute (later called Tuska Lusa or Tushkaloosa Academy),[53] near Talihina, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory opened 1892 for Choctaw Freedmen[80] Tuskahoma Female Academy, Lyceum, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory open 1892–1925[81] Wahpeton Indian School, Wahpeton, North Dakota, 1904–93. In 1993 its name was changed to Circle of Nations School and came under tribal control. Currently open. Wapanucka Academy (also sometimes called Allen Academy), near Bromide, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory Open 1851–1911 by the Presbyterian Church.[82] Wealaka Mission School Wealaka, Indian Territory open 1882–1907[83] Wetumka Boarding School, Wetumka, Creek Nation, Indian Territory, opened as Israel G. Vore and Levering Manual Labor School transferred from the Baptists to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in 1891 and they changed the name to the Wetumka Boarding School. Operated until 1910.[50] Wewoka Mission School, (also known as Ramsey Mission School)[84] near Wewoka, Seminole Nation, Indian Territory Open 1868[85]–80[86] by the Presbyterian Mission Board.[56] Wheelock Academy, Millerton, Oklahoma[3] closed 1955 White's Manual Labor Institute, Wabash, Indiana Open 1870[87]–95 and operated by the Quakers[88] White's Manual Labor Institute, West Branch, Iowa,[89] open 1881–87[90] Wittenberg Indian School, Wittenberg, Wisconsin[17] Yellow Springs School, Pontotoc County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory[91] open 1896–1905[1] I remember very well as a youth when I lived with my Grandmother that some of the Sioux Canadians from Manitoba / Saskatchewan would come to South Dakota and put posters on poles...looking for their kids. I also remember a women whom 10 year old daughter disappeared and last seen talking to the South Dakota police officers. Her mother would travel all over South Dakota and Manitoba / Saskatchewan Canada looking for her daughter...never finding her even though she heard a rumor her daughter had been sent to a residential school in Canada...against her will. Never heard from her again. Don't be naive and use a tragedy like this for your own gain. Missing Indigenous children in both countries...nobody cared because the complaints have been loud for +100 years...not enough to even have our photos put on Milk cartons that use to list missing American kids. Does anybody remember those pictures the United States government used to put on Milk cartoons of missing kids? I do and it was done in the mid-1980s...Kentucky, Illinois, and South Dakota before it went nationwide for a few years ??? Not once in the United States do I remember seeing an Indigenous American kid on one of those milk cartoons when I sat at the kitchen table eating a bowl of cereal as a teenager. We were not important enough nor white enough to make it on a cartoon of Milk. You want to talk about boycotting (cancel) Canada Day...you should then boycott (cancel) July 4th Independence Day. Seriously, walk that talk yourself if you want the Canadian members of this forum to boycott Canada Day. Just as serious...I thought you were somewhat the type of a person that did not support protesting...would that be a contradiction ??? https://www.elitetrader.com/et/threads/cmon-canada.359791/page-12#post-5414056 wrbtrader