You're confusing accounting lol. Imagine your balance sheet with A = L+E. On your asset side you have cash and investments. If you have $100 of cash and buy $100 worth of stocks, nothing to your net worth changes. Your -100 to cash is +100 to investments. Your L+E remains the same, at 100 (assuming no debt. The other concept you're confusing is "opportunity cost", e.g. the return you forego by not doing anything. e.g. what's the IRR on a relative basis?
It's what I use but there is a faction out there that deludes themselves into thinking that you don't have a loss until you realize it.