Here's a couple sources to dig into. https://endocrinenews.endocrine.org/sweet-lowdown-artificial-sweeteners-weight-gain/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073441/
Ignore all animal studies when there loads of human studies available. Unequivocally, artificial sweeteners are safe up to a certain daily dosage (which is so high you have no way of hitting it). Here's some souces you can dig into: An overview of the safety of sucralose. Grotz VL, Munro IC. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;55(1):1-5. Aspartame: a safety evaluation based on current use levels, regulations, and toxicological and epidemiological studies. B. A. Magnuson, G. A. Burdock, J. Doull, R. M. Kroes, G. M. Marsh, M. W. Pariza, P. S. Spencer, W. J. Waddell, R. Walker, G. M. Williams. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007; 37(8): 629–727. Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Anton SD, Martin CK, Han H, Coulon S, Cefalu WT, Geiselman P, Williamson DA. Appetite. 2010 Aug;55(1):37-43. Erythritol: an interpretive summary of biochemical, metabolic, toxicological and clinical data. Munro IC, Berndt WO, Borzelleca JF, Flamm G, Lynch BS, Kennepohl E, Bär EA, Modderman J. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Dec;36(12):1139-74. Gain weight by "going diet?" Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings: Neuroscience 2010. Yang Q. Yale J Biol Med. 2010 Jun;83(2):101-8. Gastrointestinal tolerance of erythritol and xylitol ingested in a liquid. Storey D, Lee A, Bornet F, Brouns F. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;61(3):349-54. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Mattes RD, Popkin BM.Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):1-14. Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over perceived benefits. Tandel KR. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011 Oct;2(4):236-43.
The best - and most painless way - where I've lost weight is cutting out all chocolate, fast food and dinner in general.
Funny you say chocolate. My consumption of dark choc has gone up dramatically over the past few months. I'm eating close to 100g a day of the 85% stuff. Great fat source.
People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes would claim the assertion that the distinction between simple vs complex carbs being meaningless is nonsense as well.
It is nonsense for them too. Sugar has a lower glycaemic index than bread. So called complex carbs are broken down into simple ones by digestion.
I thought this article was very interesting since it was discussed on this thead. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/...carb-low-fat.html?mtrref=www.drudgereport.com Anyone who has ever been on a diet knows that the standard prescription for weight loss is to reduce the amount of calories you consume. But a new study, published Tuesday in JAMA, may turn that advice on its head. It found that people who cut back on added sugar, refined grains and highly processed foods while concentrating on eating plenty of vegetables and whole foods — without worrying about counting calories or limiting portion sizes — lost significant amounts of weight over the course of a year. The strategy worked for people whether they followed diets that were mostly low in fat or mostly low in carbohydrates. And their success did not appear to be influenced by their genetics or their insulin-response to carbohydrates, a finding that casts doubt on the increasingly popular idea that different diets should be recommended to people based on their DNA makeup or on their tolerance for carbs or fat. The research lends strong support to the notion that diet quality, not quantity, is what helps people lose and manage their weight most easily in the long run. It also suggests that health authorities should shift away from telling the public to obsess over calories and instead encourage Americans to avoid processed foods that are made with refined starches and added sugar, like bagels, white bread, refined flour and sugary snacks and beverages, said Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. more at link.