Search for the "specs" of your computer/mobo. That will tell you what you can do. Your CPU is "low-average". Consider upgrading "all around" and scrapping what you have to a lower priority function and replacing with a more modern machine. (I still have one computer running W7 on a "dedicated low-function" use.... "bigger, better, faster" computer would be no improvement on function for this machine.)
You need to search for the "specs" on your computer. It will list the CPUs which are compatible with your mobo... and you may choose the faster among those. Many think the CPU is the "heart of the computer". It's not. The motherboard is the controlling factor. You can't do anything outside what the mobo allows. The desktop/workstation computer has 2 operating systems. We all know about one of them... like W10 which controls software. The other OS is the "system OS" which runs the motherboard and peripherals, sort of "in the background". It's either BIOS/Legacy or UEFI. You can't do anything outside what the system OS allows.
Search for the Specs on your computer. It will show which series of CPUs are compatible. Likely nothing outside those specs will work. (Example, my workstation specs state, "Xeon E5-16xx and E5-26xx" CPUs. Have to choose from one of those.)
Really appreciate the detailed insight into what you have done and the links that you have provided. I have never built a system from scratch all on my own, are there any DIY online resources for putting one together that you could recommend? I'm assuming my current case is big enough to fit all of that stuff (though I'm not 100% sure, pics provided), but I think I will probably keep my current system as is and use it as a back-up system, which means I will need to take my current SSD into a shop and have them copy everything over to the new one correct?
No problem, I would have responded sooner but I've been up to my ears in alligators with this market. Best trading I've seen in a while. That Antec 1200 case you have is massive and would fit everything with a little modification for the water cooler but you have the right idea, hold onto it as a backup. I keep my 8700k system running as a hot back up right next to my new box. You never know when something might flake out on you. To get the stuff copied over to the new system, yeah just take it to the local computer store or even Best Buy. The latter has the "Geek Squad"; they'll be able to take care of something like that. I've been building my own computers since way back in the day so I mostly just wing it but the easiest trick is plug the exact model of any part into YouTube and you'll find a plethora of detailed videos on how to put it together. That's all I do when I get stuck. Also I just put that exact system together so if you get in a jam DM me or reply in this thread.
I really appreciate that offer and I'm assuming I will undoubtedly get to a point where I will need to take you up on that. I think I'm just going to bite the bullet and order everything that you recommended. I typically like to research things a bit more before taking the plunge but in this particular case I feel like this is something that I could spin my wheels on for many months plus, and since I have practically zero experience in this department my subjective knowledge of what I read will be of limited to no value. And, at the end of the day I really want to get something up and running that can pull up my charts without any lag ASAP.
You can use this web site its plug and play what your options are , cpu mother board ram etc..as well as pricing and price alerts..... https://pcpartpicker.com/list/