that friggin madoff started out as small time hustler in the nasdaq in the early 70's and moved on to the NYSE and wanted to do his scam stuff on NYSE and CME they changed the rules so their bucket shop business makes them more money. all his scam fraudster crew moved up the big board pulling off biggest ponzi schem, nasdaq OTCC and pinksheets stocks are mostly ponzi schem pump and dump scams stocks anyways or money laundering vehicles.