by the way the study is fascinating... as a side... and leaves open the possibility that many more millions of people had asymptomatic covid... but that their antibodies would have waned by the time they were tested. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(21)00025-2/fulltext We found significant differences in terms of age, presence of comorbidities, baseline symptoms, investigations, and clinical outcomes when comparing all four groups against each other and in the persistent antibody group compared with the other three groups with waning or absent antibodies (table 1). We observed a distinct stepwise progression from the negative group to the persistent group, whereby patients with persistent antibodies were older and had more comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. ... The demographic differences we observed were probably related to increased disease severity, as patients in the persistent group had poorer clinical outcomes, including pneumonia, supplemental oxygen requirement, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation. Baseline symptoms and investigations reflected this increased disease severity, with a greater proportion of patients with fever, cough, dyspnoea, reduced lymphocyte count, increased C-reactive protein, and increased lactate dehydrogenase in the persistent group. We observed a greater proportion of asymptomatic individuals in the negative group (11 [58%] of 19 patients) compared with the persistent group (three [6%] of 52 patients).
Imagine lying so badly about a study... that you make statements which are 100% the opposite of the study.... https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(21)00025-2/fulltext "By contrast, T-cell responses seem to have no clear correlation with the different patterns of neutralising antibody dynamics. Patients from all groups, including the negative group, showed sustained T-cell immunity 6 months after initial infection" vs GWB- wrote... Sadly -- the articles and study you reference only stated that scientists are trying to find T-Cell Immunity in their research... So far they have been unsuccessful. Too bad you don't understand facts or context. ----- GWB is the ultimate in lying fucking douchebag and you are very sad excuse for an American...
Some of us may have pre existing immunity to covid... via T cell immunity. Hence we may all reach herd immunity at much lower levels... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237901/ 40 to 60 percent of unexposed individuals had T Cell responses to Covid.... ... While it was important to identify antigen-specific T cell responses in COVID-19 cases, it is also of great interest to understand whether cross-reactive immunity exists between coronaviruses to any degree. A key step in developing that understanding is to examine antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 cases and in unexposed healthy controls, utilizing the exact same antigens and series of experimental techniques. CD4+ T cell responses were detected in 40%–60% of unexposed individuals. This may be reflective of some degree of cross-reactive, preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in some, but not all, individuals. Whether this immunity is relevant in influencing clinical outcomes is unknown—and cannot be known without T cell measurements before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection of individuals—but it is tempting to speculate that the cross-reactive CD4+ T cells may be of value in protective immunity, based on SARS mouse models (Zhao et al., 2016). Clear identification of the cross-reactive peptides, and their sequence homology relation to other coronaviruses, requires deconvolution of the positive peptide pools, which is not feasible with the cell numbers presently available, and time frame of the present study.
Feature Coronavirus Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity? BMJ 2020; 370 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3563 (Published 17 September 2020)Cite this as: BMJ 2020;370:m3563 Read our latest coverage of the coronavirus outbreak Article Related content Metrics Responses Peter Doshi, associate editor Author affiliations pdoshi@bmj.com It seemed a truth universally acknowledged that the human population had no pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2, but is that actually the case? Peter Doshi explores the emerging research on immunological responses Even in local areas that have experienced some of the greatest rises in excess deaths during the covid-19 pandemic, serological surveys since the peak indicate that at most only around a fifth of people have antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: 23% in New York, 18% in London, 11% in Madrid.123 Among the general population the numbers are substantially lower, with many national surveys reporting in single digits. With public health responses around the world predicated on the assumption that the virus entered the human population with no pre-existing immunity before the pandemic,4 serosurvey data are leading many to conclude that the virus has, as Mike Ryan, WHO’s head of emergencies, put it, “a long way to burn.” Yet a stream of studies that have documented SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in people without exposure to the virus are raising questions about just how new the pandemic virus really is, with many implications. Not so novel coronavirus? At least six studies have reported T cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 in 20% to 50% of people with no known exposure to the virus.5678910 In a study of donor blood specimens obtained in the US between 2015 and 2018, 50% displayed various forms of T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.511 A similar study that used specimens from the Netherlands reported T cell reactivity in two of 10 people who had not been exposed to the virus.7 In Germany reactive T cells were detected in a third of SARS-CoV-2 seronegative healthy donors (23 of 68). In Singapore a team analysed specimens taken from people with no contact or personal history of SARS or covid-19; 12 of 26 specimens taken before July 2019 showed reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, as did seven of 11 from people who were seronegative against the virus.8 Reactivity was also discovered in the UK and Sweden.6910 Though these studies are small and do not yet provide precise estimates of pre-existing immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2, they are hard to dismiss, with several being published in Cell and Nature. Alessandro Sette, an immunologist from La Jolla Institute for Immunology in California and an author of several of the studies (box 1), told The BMJ, “At this point there are a number of studies that are seeing this reactivity in different continents, different labs. As a scientist you know that is a hallmark of something that has a very strong footing.” https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3563
wow are you dunce... I was very correct about the possibility of herd immunity while your team was denying it. remember how this argument unfolded.. each step of the way your team were morons and wrong... Remember GWB stated antibodies only last 3 months... Then for about a year gwb and your team were declaring there is no T cell yet posting articles which said there was. Then you team told us there was no such thing as herd immunity.
Recent studies have shown that COVID antibodies don't even last three months in nearly 40% of people who were naturally infected. Additional studies show that antibodies in many people wane by the 9 month mark. I have previously posted these studies which were done by reputable members of the medical and scientific community. There is no such thing as "natural herd immunity" for COVID. Go to Brazil for an example.
Now do you understand why I bumped this thread... morons like GWB do not comprehend the difference between some and all. And he certainly will not acknowledge that for many the fact antibodies wane quickly bodes even better for natural immunity because your system cleared covid with a powerful t cell or other strong immune sytem response. Yet that is the science.
What an anti-American idiot. --What's the real reason for your schadenfreude regarding American's liberty and pursuit of happiness?