For what it's worth, I'm a Viet Nam vet with some service-connected injuries. I have Blue Cross (with a high deductible) and have been to the VA for treatment. When I have gone to VA, they always bill Blue Cross. Although they have always billed late, and therefore Blue Cross turns them down because they are past the cut-off for billing for that particular procedure. LOL. That said, my impression is that Blue Cross would theoretically pay, IF they received the bill on a timely basis, and IF my deductible were ever satisfied (which it never is). Either way, the VA does not charge me for any treatment. Any money recovered from Blue Cross would in theory go to defer the VA costs in general. They routinely bill if you have 3rd party insurance, although again, I've never seen them bill on a timely basis. OldTrader