I expect great advances will be made by India. Only now are they going to Uni in great numbers. As long as they leave out the mysticism.
Yes. Those advances were made from Indians who came to the US - but now the Indian economy is showing more opportunity and so many are staying back and founding companies back there. And of course the current political climate doesn't encourage the bright ones from those countries to come to the US.
The extreme poverty of the vast majority is what holds India back. Also religions of all sorts. Let rationalism. social conscience and science rule imho.
Poverty is extreme in India but mysticism does not cause it but it can give peace and meaning to those who live in it.
India is two countries: the middle class and higher (which numbers like 400MM) and the abject poor that numbers like 500MM. If the entire poor were taken off the planet tomorrow, India's opportunity wouldn't suffer too much. That economic class is being left behind. And India's religious beliefs are as (ir)rational as the US's. What holds India back is the corruption and the self-dealing that happens in government. It happens at all levels and prevents anything real from happening.
Lots of cases and policy action. Corruption is like a cockroach colony. Killing a few doesn't make it go away.