I have no definitive proof, but only a logical conclusion. The often-cited statistics from Credit Suisse Hedge Fund Index in regard to hedge fund performance ... from 1994 to 2021—through both bull and bear markets—the passive S&P 500 Index outperformed every major hedge fund strategy by over 2.5% in annualized return. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp I figured that the total hedge fund fees per year is a least 2.5%, and came to the conclusion that without fees they would outperform the S&P.
You kept responding. What is your point? What I'm saying is that Bill Ackman's historical performance is just at S&P 500 level. Yet he collected huge fees and make people think he is smart. Only fools make him a smart person.
With hedge fund 2/20 fee structure, a 2.5% advantage won't make it. Remember when the return is negative, fund managers do not pay investors.