Arctic Sea Ice Melt Disrupts Weather Patterns

Discussion in 'Politics' started by futurecurrents, Jun 5, 2013.

  1. pspr

    pspr

    And us here at the P&R forum, too! :D
     
    #11     Jun 7, 2013
  2. gwb-trading

    gwb-trading

    Never do you mention that the sea ice in Antartica is as one of its HIGHEST summer extents since satellite tracking began in the late 1970s. Do you think that this simply has to do with short term axial tilt variations of the earth that occur in 30 year cycles.
     
    #12     Jun 7, 2013
  3. Ricter

    Ricter

    "Extents" being the important word there...
     
    #13     Jun 7, 2013
  4. gwb-trading

    gwb-trading

    So you are denying there is more sea ice in the Antarctic during the past two years than any time in the previous 30 years. Any montly measurement point by satellite demonstrates this.

    Strangely enough the climate alarmists try to claim that the great increase in Antarctic sea ice is caused by weather & wind.... then they turn around and try to claim that Arctic weather & wind is caused by the Arctic sea ice. You can't have it both ways.
     
    #14     Jun 7, 2013
  5. Ricter

    Ricter

    More, as in extent, or as in mass?
     
    #15     Jun 7, 2013
  6. Satellites measure Antarctica is gaining sea ice but losing land ice at an accelerating rate which has implications for sea level rise.

    Skeptic arguments that Antarctica is gaining ice frequently hinge on an error of omission, namely ignoring the difference between land ice and sea ice.

    In glaciology and particularly with respect to Antarctic ice, not all things are created equal. Let us consider the following differences. Antarctic land ice is the ice which has accumulated over thousands of years on the Antarctica landmass itself through snowfall. This land ice therefore is actually stored ocean water that once fell as precipitation. Sea ice in Antarctica is quite different as it is generally considered to be ice which forms in salt water primarily during the winter months.

    In Antarctica, sea ice grows quite extensively during winter but nearly completely melts away during the summer (Figure 1). That is where the important difference between antarctic and arctic sea ice exists. Arctic sea ice lasts all the year round, there are increases during the winter months and decreases during the summer months but an ice cover does in fact remain in the North which includes quite a bit of ice from previous years (Figure 1). Essentially Arctic sea ice is more important for the earth's energy balance because when it melts, more sunlight is absorbed by the oceans whereas Antarctic sea ice normally melts each summer leaving the earth's energy balance largely unchanged.

    [​IMG]

    Figure 1: Coverage of sea ice in both the Arctic (Top) and Antarctica (Bottom) for both summer minimums and winter maximums
    Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center

    One must also be careful how you interpret trends in Antarctic sea ice. Currently this ice is increasing and has been for years but is this the smoking gun against climate change? Not quite. Antarctic sea ice is gaining because of many different reasons but the most accepted recent explanations are listed below:

    i) Ozone levels over Antarctica have dropped causing stratospheric cooling and increasing winds which lead to more areas of open water that can be frozen (Gillet 2003, Thompson 2002, Turner 2009).

    and

    ii) The Southern Ocean is freshening because of increased rain, glacial run-off and snowfall. This changes the composition of the different layers in the ocean there causing less mixing between warm and cold layers and thus less melted sea ice (Zhang 2007).

    All the sea ice talk aside, it is quite clear that really when it comes to Antarctic ice, sea ice is not the most important thing to measure. In Antarctica, the most important ice mass is the land ice sitting on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

    Therefore, how is Antarctic Land-ice doing?

    [​IMG]
    Figure 2: Estimates of Total Antarctic Land Ice Changes and approximate sea level contributions using many different measurement techniques. Adapted from The Copenhagen Diagnosis. (CH= Chen et al. 2006, WH= Wingham et al. 2006, R= Rignot et al. 2008b, CZ= Cazenave et al. 2009 and V=Velicogna 2009)

    Estimates of recent changes in Antarctic land ice (Figure 2) range from losing 100 Gt/year to over 300 Gt/year. Because 360 Gt/year represents an annual sea level rise of 1 mm/year, recent estimates indicate a contribution of between 0.27 mm/year and 0.83 mm/year coming from Antarctica. There is of course uncertainty in the estimations methods but multiple different types of measurement techniques (explained here) all show the same thing, Antarctica is losing land ice as a whole, and these losses are accelerating quickly.
     
    #16     Jun 7, 2013