Do you understand how our Federal (the real "Federal") Court system works? 1. These 2 circuit court cases had different issues. 2. One of the reasons we have a Federal Sup Court is to to resolve differences in holding by Circuits courts...They are not bound by each others decisions. (especially when the issues are different) 3. only a simple minded moon thinks other circuit courts would be bound by the "most recent decision" on different matter by the dicta of a different circuit court. You truly are a moron when it comes to economics and jurisprudence.
I figured I better get a simple source... to counter Piezoe's simple minded stupidity... since he has never exhibited any understanding of nuance when it comes to holdings and dicta and jurisprudence and yet argues so vociferously for his ignorant opinions. (some might assume he is correct since he writes well in support of all his specious ideas) So here it is plain as day... Piezoe is a moron when it comes to the legal system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_split In United States federal courts, a circuit split occurs when two or more different circuit courts of appeals provide conflicting rulings on the same legal issue.[1] The existence of a circuit split is one of the factors that the Supreme Court of the United States considers when deciding whether to grant review of a case.[2] Some scholars suggest that the Supreme Court is more likely to grant review of a case to resolve a circuit split than for any other reason.[3]
There probably is no conflict between the rulings of the Second and Ninth Circuits, as the Ninth Circuit ruling, a decade earlier, was limited in scope to torts brought under the Federal Tort Claims Act. In the Court, even as in real life, reality trumps fantasy. Perhaps you should read the Ninth Circuit opinion and then get back to us.
now you understand... in your case the FED Reserve is acting as an agent for the government... which it clearly is at times. in another case it is being sued as part of the govt... which the regional Federal Reserve Banks are not.