Two people. Promise. Promise. Deliver. Deliver. End of transaction. That clarity describes every transaction on earth. A time stamp on each stage denotes risk and accountability can define if a 3rd party is necessary. Examples: 1. A grocery store transaction does not require the insertion of a lawyer, a banker, or a gun. 2. SDRs at the BIS (defined by Promise Language above) again, do not require the insertion of a lawyer, a banker, or a gun. 3. Shipping a pallet of 100s from the Federal Reserve to the central bank in Israel does not require a lawyer, a banker, or a gun. It does require safe transport. Instant digital payment vs. the week on a ship. Who gets the interest? All can be described as promises. Only living beings can make promises. Officers of corporations make promises on behalf of the corporation as backed by their individual contracts. Why isn't there a banking protocol?