The June-July-August (JJA) season for 2023 was the warmest on record globally by a large margin, with an average temperature of 16.77°C, 0.66°C above average. The European-average temperature for summer was 19.63°C, which at 0.83°C above average, was the fifth warmest for the summer season https://climate.copernicus.eu/summer-2023-hottest-record